電池充電器原理
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每次充電要根據(jù)電池化學(xué)成分按順序施加電壓和電流。因此，充電器和充電算法需滿足不同電池化學(xué)成分的不同要求。電池充電常用術(shù)語包括：用于NiCd和NiMH電池的恒流(CC)，和用于鋰離子和鋰聚合物電池的恒流/恒壓(CC/CV) (圖1至6)。
圖1. 半恒流充電，主要應(yīng)用于剃須刀，數(shù)字無繩電話和玩具
圖2. 定時器控制充電，主要應(yīng)用于筆記本，數(shù)據(jù)終端，無線設(shè)備和蜂窩電話
圖3. -DV終止充電方式，主要應(yīng)用于筆記本，數(shù)據(jù)終端，攝錄像機，無線設(shè)備和蜂窩電話
圖4. -dT/dt終止充電方式，應(yīng)用于電源設(shè)備和電動工具
圖5. 涓流充電，主要應(yīng)用于應(yīng)急燈，導(dǎo)引燈和存儲器備份
表3. 充電方式
| Chemistry | Charging Method | Feature | No. of Terminals | Charge Time(hours) | Charge Current (CmA) | Trickle Current(CmA) | Charge Level at End of Charge (%) | Figure Reference |
| Nickel Based (NiCl and NiMH) | Semi-constant current charging | Most typical system; simple and low cost | 2 | 15 | 0,1 | ---- | ---- | 1 |
| Timer-controlled charging | More reliable than semiconstant current system; relatively simple and low cost | 2 | 6 to 8 | 0,2 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 120 | 2 | |
- V cut-off charging | Most popular; more complex | 2 | 1 to 2 | 0,5-1 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 110 to 120 | 3 | |
| T/t cut-off charging | More costly, but overcharge can be avoided enabling longer life cycle that the others | 3 or 4 | 1 to 2 | >1 | 1/20-1/30 | Approx. 100 to 110 | 4 | |
| Trickle-charging | Simple and low cost; applicable for continuous long charging | 2 | 15 | 0,1 | ---- | ---- | 5 | |
| Lithium Based | Constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) | Not recommended for the main charge-control system for Ni-Cd /NiMH batteries. Prevailing charge method for Li+ and Li- Polymer batteries.Relatively complex charger design. | 2 | 1 to 3 | 1 | ---- | Approx 100 | 6 |
表4. 不同化學(xué)成分電池充滿的判據(jù)
| Chemistry | NiCl | NiMH | Li+ |
| Charging | Constant current | Constant current | Constant current/constant voltage |
| Full charge detect | -
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